Motho ke motho ka botho

As I feared, I’m a bit preoccupied with my impending move, and as a result, I haven’t been able to keep all the notes here I’d like. I’ll have to glaze over the last few console programs I wanted to mention, and leave it to you to investigate them fully.

I should mention that none of these are linked to Ubuntu in particular; I’ve given links to the Ubuntu package search pages but these are probably available — if not already installed — in every distro.

alsamixer

You already have alsamixer installed on your computer; you probably just don’t know it’s there.

alsamixer does everything most graphical volume controls do, and does it just as well. It handles setting the volume, controlling 3D switches, CD audio volume and line-in ports just like the graphical versions you’re used to. Key controls are a simple combination of left and right arrow keys, up and down keys and the M button to mute a channel. Simple, clean and effective.

The lovely part of alsamixer is that you don’t have to wrangle with the amixer terminal commands to set the volume on your rig. And it runs on a fraction of the space, with no need for a particular desktop environment to work. It’s a natural born utility.

htop

I mention htop a lot, and that’s because I use it a lot. It’s much more attractive than the conventional top program, and much more functional. It also has a much more intuitive interface than top. And all those “much mores” should be enough to get you to at least take a look at it.

htop does everything you need from a system monitor, plus has an exceptionally lightweight profile of its own. You don’t need a horde of Gnome underpinnings just to get a glimpse at what’s running in your computer’s little world. And since it has that easy-to-decode interface, it’s ideal for managing the workload or troubleshooting hung processes. Every now and again my fans start to spin interminably, and htop is the place I go first. … No ps aux or any of those cryptic tree commands. Show me the htop.

If you’re working on a flaky system, htop can run from a tty and you’re one keypress away from a system profile. It’s particularly useful on machines with occasional quirks, or hard-to-catch flickers of incompatibility. And if a process is irritating you or has stuck around longer than intended, you get the entire array of kill options within two keypresses. Power, speed and efficiency, thy name is htop.

mc

If you remember computers as far back as the late 1980s, you might remember how Peter Norton came to prominence with the three-floppy (was it three?) Norton Utilities suite. There were a lot of cool tools in that pack, but the best were the speed disk defragmenter (mostly because it was fun to watch), and the Norton Commander, which suddenly made file management a breeze.

Midnight Commander (or just mc, really) is the GNU version of that utility, with an identical layout and similar color scheme.

Old-timers will rejoice at that screenshot. Two-panel file management, with options for a quick-view, syntax-colored file preview, file info, filesystem tree, and a mess of other features. Opens tar, bz2, gz and some other compressed packages like folders and has implicit shell access as well. mc reads mouse input without gpm, handles transparent X terminal emulators and can access smb and ftp directly.

For sheer speed and power, it’s hard to top such a mature, full-featured and well-rounded file access utility, and after using it for a week or so, you’ll wonder why you put up with sluggish, incomplete graphical file managers that only do a fraction of what mc does natively. This is one of those programs that has so many options and so many possibilities that I really do it a disservice my glazing over it like this. But alas, this is how it has to be. Perhaps in the future. …

mutt

I mention mutt as an obligatory nod to e-mail control via the terminal interface.

Unfortunately, I haven’t used mutt much because almost all my e-mail is done through gmail, and I didn’t have much luck on a mutt-gmail interaction. Perhaps it’s possible to get the two to coexist, but it’s much easier for me to just check via elinks than to configure mutt for three or four e-mails per day.

mutt seems to be the e-mail wrangler of choice for terminal devotees though. I can recall screenshots as far back as the earliest days of my Ubuntu experience that invariably show mutt running in a transparent terminal window. If you need something that will connect to an e-mail account but doesn’t take up much space, this might be what you’re looking for.

irssi

Along the same lines, I don’t chat much, so irssi is an option, even if it’s not something I used much.

Ah, the lovely sparseness of a terminal program.

I installed and configured irssi a few months ago after I found Elizabeth Bevilacqua’s excellent irssi tutorial on the Ubuntu-women wiki, and it worked just as well as XChat or any other chat program I had ever tried. But chatting isn’t really for me — it’s very distracting, and I’m easily distracted as it is. So while irssi is what I would use if I chatted, I try not to chat at all.

On the other hand I know there are people who thrive on chat access, and irssi will do it on the most ancient and decrepit hardware you can find. Drag out that 386; if it will run Ubuntu, my money says it will handle irssi.

raggle

raggle is the coolest terminal program I ever wished I had more use for. If you need a feed reader, raggle is the champ. If you want something to poll for Jamendo releases on that 166Mhz machine while playing the newest tunes, raggle is your hero. If you want something to run in an terminal emulator just to watch a feed or two without bogging down your machine, raggle is your new best friend.

raggle is clean, easy on the eyes and has a help screen that will get you started within minutes. raggle lets you run your computer without devoting it to a heavyweight feed aggregator with a lot of frills you don’t need. raggle is fast, raggle is light, raggle does a lot with a little … so much you’ll wonder what the heck you were doing with those others.

My only complaint about raggle — and maybe you can help me figure this one out — is that it doesn’t seem to offer an option for a specific browser for opening links. So when I want to jump straight to a page that I see in the feed, it invariably grabs Swiftfox, when I’d rather it spawned an instance of elinks. I understand that there’s a RAGGLE_BROWSER environment variable, but as I understand it, that’s just the path to a legitimate browser option … when what I want is a command line so I can spawn elinks in a urxvt terminal of certain dimensions and with certain options. …

That’s a pretty minor point though, and not one I’d really harp about. Outside of that, raggle does a beautiful job of reducing a feed aggregator to its essence, then building up from there. It hasn’t been updated in a while, but it doesn’t seem to lack much — so that’s not a fault at all. Definitely check this one out … I give it two very big thumbs up.

rxvt-unicode

I know, it’s not a terminal program, it’s a terminal emulator, so it shouldn’t count. But I have to mention it. I’ve tried all the terminals and all the emulators, and urxvt is just my favorite. Pseudo-transparency, support for expanded character sets, fade effects on focus shifts, xft fonts … and it’s the best looking one out there.

I know it’s technically slower than some others, but I’m willing to sacrifice a sliver of speed when it can handle a few other options that aterm (which is ugly) or xterm (which is ugly) or some others (which are ugly) don’t. I am I being hypocritical? Maybe. You use xterm regularly for a day or two, and then we’ll see who’s happier.

One tip: urxvt handles almost all its options through the .Xdefaults file, which means you don’t need a mile-long startup command to get the basic look you want. Default fonts, pixelmap inheritance, dimensions and other effects are set in that file, if you want. Command line options override those, so you can have transparency set by default, then turn it off for things like an htop instance. Play around with it.

twin

Not “twin,” but “tee-win.” twin is a windowing system that runs under a terminal environment. Think about that for a second, and realize that everything I’ve listed here or in the previous howtos can run under a completely X-free environment. That means rtorrent, cplay, elinks, oleo and everything else on this page can run in tty window, with each program in a funny little floating terminal window of its own, overlapping and behaving just like a graphical environment, but not.

It’s a blast to look at, and I wish I could get a proper screenshot for you (but I can’t because I don’t have time to figure out how to take tty screenshots ). You’ll just have to install it and get a look at it for yourself.

Once you’ve tried it, you might forgo X altogether on your Thinkpad 760XD, and just run everything I’ve told you about with the twin layer. It’s faster, just as useful and it does everything you want without the X burden. (One last tip: set your framebuffer resolution to give yourself more screen space, or twin becomes a little crowded. )

cmatrix

Last, but not least: cmatrix. cmatrix does nothing. It has no viable function, has very little use, but it’s a heckuva lot of fun to mess with.

Try starting it with cmatrix -sabl -u 2 and it will behave like a screensaver, and run until it gets a keypress. …

Which means, if you run an autologin executable on a spare tty, then set your bash profile to start cmatrix whenever that tty is opened. …

Which means, if you have that running as a rudimentary screensaver, you can jump straight to that tty, press a key, send your terminal command, finish, then press CTRL+D to log out …

Which means it will log out, log back in and start cmatrix all over again, waiting for the next time it’s needed. It’s a gimmick, but kind of fun. You can jump to that screen just as a walkaway screensaver, and jump back to X when you’re ready. It’s a lot lighter than the xscreensaver or gnome-screensaver packages, and does much the same thing.

Now if only I could figure out how to trigger it after a terminal is left unattended after three minutes, I’ll be happy.